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The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (Sgr dE) is a small, low-surface-brightness elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered in 1994 by astronomers Rodrigo Ibata, Mike Irwin, and Gerry Gilmore, who found that it was part of the Milky Way's halo. The Sgr dE galaxy is approximately 70,000 light-years from Earth and is one of the closest known satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. It is also one of the most heavily disrupted and elongated satellite galaxies of the Milky Way.

The Sgr dE galaxy is estimated to have a mass of around 10 million solar masses, making it much smaller than the Milky Way, which has a mass of around 1 trillion solar masses. However, despite its small size, the Sgr dE galaxy is thought to have played an important role in the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. As the Sgr dE galaxy orbits the Milky Way, it is gradually being torn apart by the Milky Way's gravitational forces, resulting in a long stream of stars that forms a tidal tail. This tidal tail can be seen stretching across the sky and is a testament to the ongoing interaction between the Sgr dE galaxy and the Milky Way.

The Sgr dE galaxy is known to be rich in red giant stars, which are large, cool stars that have exhausted the hydrogen in their cores and are now fusing heavier elements. The presence of these red giant stars suggests that the Sgr dE galaxy is relatively old, with a significant population of older stars. The Sgr dE galaxy is also believed to contain a small amount of dark matter, which is thought to make up a significant portion of the universe's total mass.

Overall, the Sgr dE galaxy is an important object of study for astronomers, as it provides insights into the formation and evolution of the Milky Way and other galaxies in the local universe. By studying the interactions between the Sgr dE galaxy and the Milky Way, astronomers can learn more about the processes that shape the structure and composition of galaxies over time.

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